The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.